Lesson outline forces that shape earth lesson 1 answers and more. (S-waves) move rock particles side to side and up and down at right angles to the direction that the wave travels. 3. Jan 11, 2016 · Ch. They are the most feature on Earth. ) Lesson 1. They can form when forces within Earth layers of The Environment and Change Over Time Name Date Class Lesson Quiz A LESSON 1 Fossil Evidence of Evolution Multiple Choice Directions: On the line before each question, write the letter of the correct answer. Landforms with low relief and low elevation are called . Only a weak force is needed to make the object move. You need to understand The Sun’s gravitational force pulls each planet toward the Sun. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Isostasy, Isostasy Example (Iceberg), Isostasy Example (Continents and the Mantle) and more. 7 Name Date Class LESSON 1: 15 minutes Does Earth’s shape affect temperatures on Earth’s surface? Temperatures near Earth’s poles are colder than temperatures near the equator. Name the hypothesis that best explains how the Moon formed. Earthquakes are the vibrations in the ground that result from movement along breaks in Earth ’s lithosphere . 9 _____________ are vibrations in the ground that result from movement along breaks in Earth's lithosphere. Position the Moon 0. Deep earthquakes occur along convergent boundaries where Earth’s (3. Near Earth’s surface, an object’s weight is the gravitational force exerted on the object by . 1 – Shaping of Earth’s Surfaces (S5E1. The content within the unit explores how Earth has been shaped by water and other factors. The amount of water vapor in a given volume of air is clouds and precipitation are more likely when ; is high. Answer Key Balanced vs. Ideal for earth science. [3] SD2. Describing Earth 1. This is the answer key to lesson outline worksheets. Lesson OutlineLESSON 1 Aug 8, 2025 · Students are introduced to the concepts of force, inertia and Newton's first law of motion: objects at rest stay at rest and objects in motion stay in motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. , A(n) ________ _____is a push or a pull on an object by another object that is touching it. Lesson 1 | Earth’s Motion Student Labs and Activities Page Appropriate For: Launch Lab 8 all students Content Vocabulary 9 all students Lesson Outline 10 all students MiniLab 12 all students Content Practice A 13 Content Practice B 14 Math Skills 15 all students School to Home 16 all students Key Concept Builders 17 Enrichment 21 all students Challenge 22 Skill Practice 23 all students Nov 1, 2025 · Lesson Objectives Describe how you can find a location and direction on Earth's surface. Oct 9, 2015 · Lesson Outline continued c. For example, when you dip one end of a paper towel into a glass of water, the water moves upward into the paper. Use the main headings in the lesson as the main headings in the outline. , Earth's atmosphere contains a layer of _______ that helps keep temperatures on Earth within a range that living organism can survive. Over long periods of time, these forces can be strong enough to form mountain ranges if one plate pushes another plate upward. What causes these temperature differences? Procedure 1. The unit focuses on how people map Earth's surface and see patterns from maps. Measuring Brightness With the exception of Mercury, most planets in the solar system have some type of atmosphere. Landforms with low relief and high elevation are called . P. How Constructive & Destructive Forces Shape Earth 1. The document provides a lesson on forces that includes objectives, questions to test knowledge, and explanations of key force concepts such as contact forces, non-contact forces, balanced and unbalanced forces, and Newton's Laws of Motion. Section 1 Review SECTION VOCABULARY NSES ES 1a, 1b deformation the bending, tilting, and breaking of the Earth’s crust; the change in the shape of rock in response to stress elastic rebound the sudden return of elastically deformed rock to its undeformed shape P wave a seismic wave that causes particles of rock to move in a back-and-forth Now, with expert-verified solutions from Earth and Space iScience 1st Edition, you’ll learn how to solve your toughest homework problems. Instead, Earth looks like a slightly flattened ball, with a (n) at the equator. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The _______ is a thin layer of gases surrounding Earth. The core causes a(n) force field to form around Earth. Oct 29, 2016 · The Snowball Earth hypothesis suggests that changes in the atmosphere caused the surface of Earth to completely freeze over. What are forces? 1. Take a quick look at the assignments and lab description, and then look over the reading sections to get an idea of how much reading there is. ) (tectonic plates/surface layers) collide. Earth Earthquakes Lesson 1 Outline Ch. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Destructive processes, such as ____________ and _____________, often produce tall, jagged landforms This Forces That Shape the Earth: Wind, Water and Erosion Worksheet is suitable for 4th - 5th Grade. The inertia of the Moon and Earth’s gravity determine the circular motion of the Moon’s orbit around Earth. Glaciers move by basal slip and plastic flow. How to Get the Most Out of This Course When you begin each lesson, scan the entire lesson first. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Isostasy, Subsidence, Uplif and more. Chapter 2 Lesson 1 Spherical Earth Structure Lesson Outline Continued pg 11 Worksheet. The Sun-Earth Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What are earth's four systems?, Define the term hydrosphere. The shape of a given area is called the area’s . Vertical Motion 1. Some heat re-radiated into space, and some is trapped within the atmosphere by greenhouse Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Isostasy, Isostasy Example(Iceberg), Isostasy Example (Continents and the Mantle) and more. GPS for the blind is more than just a virtual speaking map, users say. The trees, grass, and snow aren’t landforms. that move on top of the fluid, 3 __________ science is the study of Earth, including its landforms, rocks, soil, and forces that shape Earth's surface 4 Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The chemical and physical processes that change objects on Earth's surface over time are called The seasons change as Earth moves around the Sun. Mountains and valleys form where Earth’s plates collide, move away from each other, or slide past each other. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like in a ________ the matters identity stays the same, a physical change involves a change in size, shape, form, or _________, although the matter's identity stays the same, its __________ might change and more. Summer turns to winter because Earth’s motion changes how energy from the Sun spreads out over Earth’s surface. May 4, 2020 · Earth makes one complete revolution about the Sun each year. d. Describe how your surroundings would change if you lived in this other type of climate. Make an Outline As you read, make an outline to summarize the lesson. b Earth Science Interactive Science Learn with flashcards, games, and more — for free. It is made of iron crystals. Our resource for Earth and Space iScience includes answers to chapter exercises, as well as detailed information to walk you through the process step by step. Earth Dynamics Notes Lesson 1: Forces That Shape Earth A. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Earthquakes, Fault, Seismic waves and more. and states that Earth’s surface is made that move on top of the fluid, form where Earth’s plates collide, move away from each other, or slide past each other. Oct 14, 2015 · Some mountains form when , material from volcanoes, builds up. Revolution and Rotation Objects in the solar system move in two ways. 2. Feb 1, 2016 · The theory of up of a number of rigid uppermost layer of the mantle. The theory of plate tectonics states that Earth’s surface is made up of a number of rigid plates that move on top of the fluid, uppermost layer of the mantle. ” When a car and its occupant(s) are moving at a given velocity and then hit something, they are acted upon by an unbalanced force (which is the product of the mass and the acceleration of the object that Unit Overview Unit six provides detailed information about Earth's changing landscape. The type of eclipse you see depends on whether you are in the path of the umbra or the penumbra. Include the Sun and the direction of Earth’s revolution around the Sun. Indicate the angle of the Sun’s rays at each position. Because it takes for light to travel, when you look at a star, you see the star not as it is today but as it was when the left the star. 1: The student demonstrates an understanding of the forces that shape Earth by identifying and comparing a variety of Earth’s land features (i. This force keeps each planet moving along a curved path around the Sun. and Date Class LESSON 1 states that Earth's surface is made that move on top of the fluid, form where Earth's plates collide, move away from each other, or slide past each other. ) (greater/less) than 100 km. Answers should include changes in vegetation and building designs based on the new climate type. These earthquakes occur at depths (4. Measuring Brightness based on Mapping Earth outline worksheet Learn with flashcards, games, and more — for free. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. The time it takes an object to travel once around the Sun is itsperiod of revolution. Forces can be balanced or unbalanced, and determine if objects stay at rest or change motion. (P-waves) cause particles in the ground to move in a push-pull motion similar to a coiled spring. The positions of Earth, the Moon, and the Sun during a solar eclipse are shown above. 1 Outline on NB 65 Example answer: Newton’s first law states that “an object in motion tends to stay in motion, and an object at rest tends to stay at rest, unless acted upon by an unbalanced force(s). Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like a natural solid mixture of minerals or particles, fragments that make up a rock, a rock can be classified according to size, ----, and chemical composition of its grains and more. In the Sun, atoms combine during , producing huge amounts of energy. , rivers, deltas, lakes, glaciers, mountains, valleys and islands). If the surfaces slide against each other with little resistance, the force of friction is weak. (shallow/deep), some earthquakes occur (2. Name Date Class Lesson Outline LESSON 1 Earth’s Motion A. Chapter Nine: Earthquakes and Volcanoes Lesson 1: Earthquakes Earthquakes: the vibrations in the ground that result from movement along breaks in Earth’s lithosphere These breaks are called faults Plate boundaries: areas where Earth’s lithospheric plates move and interact with each other, producing earthquakes, volcanoes, and mountain ranges What is the main force that shapes earth's climate? Solar energy that arrives as sunlight striking Earth's surface. Oxygen, water vapor, and other gases make up the gaseous mixture in the atmosphere called air. 1. B. (1. Earthquakes and Volcanoes Name Date Class Lesson Outline continued 2. The frame NOTE TO TEACHER: Encourage students to use landform names in their descriptions (e. Some of the worksheets for this concept are Earthquakes forces in earths crust work answers, Ch 2 sec 1 forces in earths crust, Forces shaping earth vocabulary answer, Earthquakes forces in earths crust work answers, Chapter introduction lesson 1 forces that shape earth, The structure of the earth plate tectonics and landforms, The history of planet earth passage question set, Layers of the earth. This lesson plan goes with its corresponding PowerPoint and guided notes to make a full day of inquiry-based learning. This page is a high-level extract of this lesson. ) (mantle/core). Changing Earth's Surface In this unit, students study Earth’s systems, analyzing the science phenomena of natural processes that shape Earth’s surface. Earth has systems that Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like to understand the motion of an object, you need to understand the _____ acting on it. The forces that move tectonic plates also push and pull rocks along breaks in the lithosphere . When two or more forces act on an object, the forces combine. The path a revolving object follows is its . The BIG Idea The constructive and destructive forces created by the movement of tectonic plates are responsible for the variety of Earth’s constantly changing landforms, including volcanoes, mountains, and ocean basins. Lesson Objectives Briefly identify different features of continents and ocean basins. According to the law of universal gravitation, all objects are attracted to one another with a gravitational force that is proportional to the mass of the objects and the distance between them. The technology is liberating, giving blind people greater independence. The diameter is more than 100 times greater than Earth’s diameter. , Energy due to motion is _______ and more. In The plates, or rock slabs, that make up Earth’s crust can apply strong contact forces against each other. Clearly indicate the tilt of Earth’s axis. Look at the shadow that the Moon casts on Earth. , Earth's atmosphere helps protect living organism from some of the _______ harmful rays and more. Key concepts explained include that a force is a push or pull on an object due to interaction, units of force, types of contact and non-contact forces Lesson Outline continued Class 3. Feb 21, 2014 · Forces That Shape Earth Directions: One each line, write the term from the word bank that correctly completes each sentence. The direction of a force arrow shows the direction of the force. The length of a force arrow relates to the ? of the force. , Define the term geosphere. What happens when sunlight hits earth's surface? Some energy is reflected back into space, and some is absorbed and converted into heat. Lesson Outline continued 3. ) (on the surface of/deep inside) Earth. Use the completed outline to review the lesson. b. 2 Energy, Forces, & Earth’s Crust How do forces in Earth’s interior determine what will happen to the surface we see? Download lesson outline forces answer key forces in earth's crust lesson quiz answers Lesson-3-forces-answer-key Download In this interactive lesson, students will explain how applying different forces to an object changes its motion by participating in an engaging field trip, virtual labs, . Find step-by-step solutions and answers to HMH Science Dimensions Earth and Space Science - 9780544861817, as well as thousands of textbooks so you can move forward with confidence. In this forces of nature worksheet, students read a 2 page article on the forces of nature and answer 4 detailed comprehension questions about the forces of nature on Earth. The document discusses lessons on mass, weight, gravity, forces, and floating and sinking. and form where Earth’s plates collide, move away from each other, or slide past each other. These days, Hess walks with the security of Trekker, a GPS computer, and a satellite receiver attached at his hip. Complete the outline with the information under each heading. They read about the Theory of Pangaea, lithosphere, divergence, convergence, and plate transformation. Lesson 7a General Outline Apr 16, 2019 · 1 . G. The movement of air caused by differences in air pressure is . Having a sense of the whole lesson before you begin will help you manage your time effectively. If you are outside the umbra and penumbra, you cannot Lesson 2 | Shaping Earth’s Surface Student Labs and Activities Page Appropriate For: Launch Lab 28 all students Content Vocabulary 29 all students Lesson Outline 30 all students MiniLab 32 all students Content Practice A 33 Content Practice B 34 School to Home 35 Key Concept Builders 36 Enrichment 40 Challenge 41 Skill Practice 42 all students all students all students Assessment Lesson Quiz 5th Grade Science Course 1: Earth & Changes Over Time (S5E1. This Forces That Shape the Earth: Plate Movement Worksheet is suitable for 6th - 9th Grade. Examples of contact and non-contact types of forces are provided, specifically applied, spring, drag, frictional forces, and magnetic, electric, gravitational forces. Instead, Earth looks like a slightly flattened ball, with a(n) at the equator. The combination of all the forces acting on an object is thenet force. However, Earth’s atmosphere provides what the atmospheres of other planets cannot: oxygen and water. The way in which forces combine depends on the direction of the forces applied to the object. Forces That Shape Earth Plate Motion The theory of states that Earth’s surface is made up of a number of rigid uppermost layer of the mantle. On a separate sheet of paper, draw Earth in four positions—at the March and September equinoxes and the June and December solstices. Alpine glaciers form on high, snowy mountains, and continental ice sheets form at all elevations in the cold polar regions. 1- Lesson 1 Earth’s Motion Periods 1,3,5,7- Students should have these notes copied in notebooks with 3 questions on each page, and on 62,64, 66 Vocabulary and a bellringer on NB pg 61 Seasons descriptions on NB 63 Ch. g. If a passenger in the plane is looking at the ground, the frame of reference is the plane. It includes text and diagrams about how Earth rotates on its axis, revolves around the Sun in an elliptical orbit, and how the tilt of its axis causes different amounts of sunlight to reach different latitudes throughout the year, causing warmer temperatures near the equator and colder temperatures near the poles. The force of attraction between unlike particles is called adhesion. Learn with flashcards, games, and more — for free. Make sure students recognize that the body of water in one picture is considered part of the landscape but isn’t a landform. , The living things in a Lesson Outline continued Class 3. The student holding the Moon holds the Moon so it is completely illuminated on one half. The objects orbit, or revolve, around the Sun. The meaning students need to know at this point is that if they were flying in a space shuttle high above Earth, and they looked down and were able to see plates— and the boundaries between them as they drew on their maps— the plates would have different, irregular shapes/outlines and would cover the Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like circumpolar stars, telescope, spectroscope and more. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like _______ is the ability to cause change, Energy can cause an object to ______ its position or its motion. Vocabulary constructive forces continent continental margin destructive forces landform mid-ocean ridge ocean basin ocean trench Introduction Earth’s surface features are the result of constructive and School to Home LESSON 1 Gravity and Friction Did you know? Friction is a contact force between two surfaces that are touching. An earthquake’s energy travels in three kinds of . , When two or more forces act on an object, the forces______. is the movement of one object around another object. that move on top of the fluid, 2. Earth’s core has a(n) outer layer that is liquid and a(n) inner layer that is solid. Vertical Motion Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like isostasy, subsidence, uplift and more. When this happens, the denser oceanic plate sinks into the (5. Each term is used only once. , The combination of all the forces on an object is the_______. Find step-by-step solutions and answers to Exploring Earth Science - 9781259638619, as well as thousands of textbooks so you can move forward with confidence. What type of climate do you live in? Choose another type of climate. Key Concepts 1 Lesson 1: Forces That Shape Earth As continents float in the mantle, they rise and fall to maintain the balance of isostasy. A (n) force is a push or a pull that one object exerts on another object. These science lessons are aligned to the Harcourt Science curriculum including lessons, investigations, and some video links to summarize lessons. In this lesson, students analyze clues in Earth’s rock to determine how Earth’s surface has changed over time. 1 Building Up and Wearing Down Earth’s Surface (1 per student) Ahead of Time Review Earth’s Changing Surface Content Background Document: section 9. Lessons and activities Unit Overview Unit six provides detailed information about Earth's changing landscape. Earth's surface is shaped into various landforms by gravity, wind, water, and the movements of Earth's crust. Earth's surface provides everything needed for life to thrive, including shelter, food, and water. ) (less Spherical Earth A. The average weather pattern for a region over a long period of time is called . Instead, Earth looks like a slightly flattened ball, with a(n) bulge at the equator. , mountains, plains, rivers). , A force that one object can apply to another object without it touching it is a(n) ________ _____. Name Date Class Lesson Outline LESSON 1 Spherical Earth A. A force has a size and a (n) direction . e. You are observing from a fixed frame of reference, and the passenger is observing from a moving frame of reference. Earth and the Sun 1. These pictures show that Earth is not quite a perfect , which has all points on the surface at an equal distance from the center. Shaping Earth through Constructive & Destructive Forces Pretest Time limit: 0 Quiz Summary 0 of […] Activity Pages Answer Key: Processes That Shape Earth This answer key offers guidance to help you assess your students’ learning progress. It is ________ of kilometers high. In this activity, you will explore air’s effect on objects that are on Earth’s surface. a) Topic a. Earth’s Dec 26, 2018 · If the difference between the highest and lowest elevation of an area is large, that area has . In basal slip, the entire glacier slides over bedrock, and water between bedrock and the base of the glacier accelerates the speed of movement. Teacher resources for Mapping Earth chapter, including leveled activities, quizzes, labs, and ELL support for middle school science. What can be learned about a fossil using relative-age dating? When two or more forces act on an object, the forces combine. test may 2, 2k14 Learn with flashcards, games, and more — for free. Earth has systems that interact with each another. These pictures show that Earth is not quite a perfect sphere, which has all points on the surface at an equal distance from the center. Notice that the umbra (the darker, inner part) is much narrower than the penumbra (the lighter, outer part). Earth's Compacted snow and ice collect into massive, long lasting, moving glaciers. Student notebooks Optional: Chart paper and markers Student Handouts 7. . Explain– PowerPoints, instructional videos, and guided notes (input side of interactive notebooks) provide definitions, explanations, and information through mini-lecture, text, internet, and other resources which encourages students to explain concepts and definitions in their own words. Students learn the difference Position the Earth observer’s stool about 1 m from the Sun. Earth Systems 1. Reading Check 1. Science - Chapter 9 - Earthquakes, Lesson 1 Learn with flashcards, games, and more — for free. ” When a car and its occupant(s) are moving at a given velocity and then hit something, they are acted upon by an unbalanced force (which is the product of the mass and the acceleration of the object that This lesson is the first lesson in the unit on Landforms discussing the different types of landforms and where we can find them. The frame Jan 11, 2016 · Ch. You need to understand Lesson Outline for Teaching Lesson 1: Spherical Earth A. The Snowball Earth hypothesis involves interactions between all four of Earth’s systems: the geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere. Brief Lesson Description: NGSS lesson Planning Template Students will be Make an Outline As you read, make an outline to summarize the lesson. Fossils, climate, and Wegener's theory explained. The of an object on Earth decreases significantly only when the object moves a great distance away from Earth. What do you think? Read the two statements below and decide whether you agree or disagree with them. Forces called compression, tension Chapter Three: Minerals Lesson 1: What is a Mineral? Deodorant, shampoo, makeup, jewelry, or zippers are made of minerals. Below the crust is the mantle, the thick middle layer of Earth. Vertical Motion You need to understand the to understand how they can Jun 15, 2025 · Learn how the surface of the Earth is influenced by internal forces in its inner layers, how seismologists can map the surface based on earthquake activity, and the impact of external forces such As Earth travels around the Sun, Earth’s rotation axis always points in the same direction in space. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like All living and nonliving things in an area make up a(n) ______________. a. 4. Gravity pulls objects toward Earth's center, giving them weight. You can see all these features on Earth's near Earth's surface, an object's weight is the gravitational force exerted on the object by _______________. A force can change an object’s velocity Explore Pangaea & continental drift evidence in this lesson outline. Scientists see the shape of Earth in pictures taken by satellites. The inner core spins a little faster than the rest of Earth. Hess, who trains the visually impaired in assistive technology, once relied on a driver to take him to visit clients. is the gravitational force exerted on an object. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like subsidence, elastic strain, compression and more. Quiz yourself with questions and answers for Forces That Shape Earth: Lesson Quiz A, so you can be ready for test day. C. Key concepts & visuals included. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A push or a pull is a(n) _____. For example, if you are on the ground watching a plane flying overhead, your frame of reference includes the objects near you. With an earpiece Science Science- lesson 1 - Sun- Earth- Moon outline Earth is one of eight ___________ orbiting the ________ in our solar system Click the card to flip 👆 planets sun Name Date Class Lesson Outline Forces A. Explore quizzes and practice tests created by teachers and students or create one from your course material. Identify various landforms and briefly describe how they form. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like plate tectonics, subsidence, uplift and more. 2 . Ask probe and challenge questions to clarify student thinking. . Plate Motion 1. Unbalanced Forces page 3 Read from Lesson 1 of the Newton's Laws chapter at The Physics Classroom: Review: MOP Connection: Newton's Laws: sublevels 2 and 3 An object at rest will stay at rest; An object in motion will stay in motion; unless unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. But the amount that Earth’s rotation axis is toward or away from the Sun changes. A frame of reference is a person’s point of view. Some mountains form when forces inside Earth fold, push, or uplift large blocks of . Similarly, the Sun’s gravity changes the direction of its satellites, including Earth. These deep earthquakes are typically (6. 5–1 m from the observer so that the Sun, Earth, and the Moon are in a line. Study guide lesson 1 rocks and minerals outline answers 1-1 Click the card to flip 👆 A naturally occurring inorganic solid with a definite chemical composition and a crystal structure is a mineral based on Mapping Earth outline worksheet Learn with flashcards, games, and more — for free. Students will be guided to understand some of the physical forces that are literally shaping the Earth around them. It might also help to read the test questions too. Define constructive forces and give a few examples. Grade: 3'd grade. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Scientists see the shape of the earth in pictures taken by ___________, These pictures show that Earth is not quite a perfect _______ which has all points on the surface at an equal distance from the center, Instead Earth looks like a slightly flattened ball with a ________ at the equator and more. In this tectonic plate worksheet, students learn about the movement of the plates that make up the earth's crust. Outside the solar system, scientists measure distances in a unit called a(n) , which is the distance light travels in 1 . Whether objects float or MS-ESS1-1 Develop and use a model of the Earth-Sun-moon system to describe the cyclic patterns of 56, 57, Unit lunar phases, eclipses of the Sun and moon, and seasons. Here you will find descriptions of the expectations and correct answers for each Activity Page of this unit. The unit of force is the newton . Changes in the seasons are caused not by the varying distance between Earth and the Sun but by the tilt of Earth on its axis during that revolution. Lesson Vocabulary compass compass rose constructive forces continent destructive forces elevation topography Introduction Beautiful mountain ranges, deep canyons, flat plains. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Sun's diameter, Nuclear fusion, Two ways Sun's energy reaches Earth and more. Students’ initial assessment that plates are various shapes could have several meanings. 5. Describe topography. Explore Earth's motion, seasons, and temperature distribution in this High School lesson on the Sun-Earth-Moon system. It explains that mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object, while weight is the effect of gravity on mass. Some of the Sun’s energy reaches Earth as thermal energy and 2. Feb 21, 2014 · Forces That Shape Earth Plate Motion The theory of up of a number of rigid uppermost layer of the mantle. Define destructive forces and give a few examples. Scientists see the shape of Earth in pictures taken by .